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In the report "The Algorithms of China's Repression: Reverse Engineering in a Massive Police Surveillance Application in Xinjiang," Human Rights Watch (HRW) presents new evidence on state surveillance in Xinjiang where the Chinese government has subjected 13 million Muslims turcófonos to increasing measures of repression, in the scope of the campaign "heavy hand" against violent terrorism ".
By examining the 'design' of the application, which was available during the study period, HRW was able to know the specific type of behavior and the people targeted by this massive surveillance system, according to the report of the human rights in Washington.
"Our research shows for the first time that Xinjiang police are using illegally collected information about people's totally legal behavior and then used against them," said Maya Wang, a China researcher for HRW.
"The Chinese government should immediately shut down the IJOP platform and erase all the data collected from individuals in Xinjiang," HRW said, urging foreign governments to impose sanctions on Chinese officials.
In the document, the NGO warned that the Xinjiang authorities are collecting a huge variety of information from the population, from the blood type to the height, of the "religious atmosphere" of each one to the political affiliation.
The police platform targets 36 types of people to compile data, including those who stopped using smartphones, who stopped "interacting with neighbors" and who "borrow money or materials for mosques with enthusiasm," he said.
HRW added that the platform follows the entire population in Xinjiang, monitoring people's movements by tracking their phones, vehicles and ID cards.
At the same time, it keeps records of individual consumption of electricity and fuel.
The NGO said it had discovered that the system and some of the region's roadblocks work together to create a series of invisible or virtual barriers, while individual freedom of movement is restricted depending on the level of threat the authorities attach to each one, determined by factors programmed into the system.
A former Xinjiang resident told HRW a week after being released following arbitrary detention: "I was entering a shopping mall and an orange alarm went off." Despite being released from a detention camp for being innocent, police advised the resident to "stay home," he added.
Authorities have programmed the platform to handle many habitual and legal activities as indicators of suspected behavior, such as buying fuel, traveling considered excessively long overseas, or failing to follow a mobile phone.
Some of the investigations verify that mobile phones were used to access mobile applications considered suspicious, including WhatsApp, Viber, Telegram and Virtual Private Networks (VPN), HRW said.
The platform was developed by China Electronics Technology Group Corporation (CETC), a state-owned military services company. In turn, the application was developed by the Hebei Far East Communication System Engineering Company (HBFEC), a company that, at the time of application development, belonged to CETC.
HRW did not receive a response to the letter to CETC and HBFEC requesting information on the application and the IJOP system.
In March, the Chinese State Council published a white paper entitled "The fight against terrorism and extremism and the protection of human rights in Xinjiang," in which he has detained since 2014, detained 12,995 terrorists in Xinjiang region, dismantled 1,588 groups "violent and terrorist "and seized 2,052" explosive devices ".
"Between 1990 and the end of 2016, separatist, terrorist and extremist forces launched thousands of terrorist attacks in Xinjiang, killing large numbers of innocent people and hundreds of police, and causing incalculable damage," he said.
The Chinese Government guarantees that it "fully protects and respects civil rights, including religious freedom" and that its actions aim to "prevent extremism from spreading and incite ethnic hatred ... through religion".
Since the Xinjiang capital of Urumqi was the scene of the most violent ethnic conflicts in recent decades in China, between the Uighurs and the Han majority, predominantly in positions of political and regional business power, China has led to an aggressive policing policy for the Uighurs. Lusa Agency