APPLE

iPhone 17e: the great irony of having a screen manufactured by rival Samsung

You may have noticed that in the world of technology, rivalries often hide great behind-the-scenes partnerships. When you look at the eternal war between Apple and Samsung, it's easy to think they are mortal enemies who don't even exchange a "good morning." But the reality of business is very different. The recently announced iPhone 17e, the new more "accessible" offering from the Apple company, is the perfect example of this curious dynamic.

Did you know that a huge part of the screen you'll see every day if you buy this phone is actually manufactured by Samsung? That's right, the South Korean giant has once again secured the largest share of OLED panel supply for Apple.

According to a recent and quite detailed report from the specialized portal TheElec, Samsung Display (the independent division responsible for creating screens) is not playing around in this market. To give you an idea of ​​the scale of this massive business, last year alone, the brand supplied around 11 million OLED panels for the predecessor iPhone 16e. This represented no less than 50% of the total screen volume for that model. The rest of the pie was divided between LG Display, with 7.5 million units, and the Chinese manufacturer BOE, which came in at a modest 3.5 million. The information revealed now indicates that Apple will maintain exactly the same structure and a very similar order volume for the brand new iPhone 17e.

You might ask: but doesn't Apple try to escape this extreme dependence on Samsung? The truth is that it tries, very hard. A few years ago, the Cupertino company made a huge effort to increase BOE's production share and, in this way, not put all its eggs in the basket of its biggest rival in the smartphone market. The big problem they ran into was that Apple's requirements are legendary, and the Chinese manufacturer BOE simply couldn't deliver the consistent quality demanded, failing rigorous quality control tests multiple times over the years. Without viable alternatives, Apple was forced to swallow its pride and increase the order again for Samsung, which remains arguably the largest and most innovative OLED panel manufacturer on the planet.

What does the iPhone 17e's screen and internals offer? But what does the iPhone 17e's screen actually offer in practice? It's a 6.1-inch OLED panel that guarantees incredibly vibrant colors and absolute blacks, achieving a peak brightness of 1,200 nits. However, there's a technical detail that has generated immense controversy within the community: the refresh rate remains stubbornly stuck at the old 60Hz. At a time when almost all competing Android phones already offer 120Hz for immaculate fluidity when scrolling or playing games, Apple continues to reserve this feature (which it calls ProMotion) exclusively for its most expensive Pro line models.

To compensate for this visual limitation, the phone comes "armed" with tremendous processing power. Inside, it features the powerful A19 processor built with 3-nanometer technology, 8 GB of RAM, and an excellent photographic system that includes a 48 MP main camera equipped with optical image stabilization (OIS) and a 12 MP front camera for your selfies.

The great duel: iPhone 17e vs. Galaxy A56...If you're actively doing the math, it's totally impossible not to compare the new iPhone 17e with its main direct rival and screen "cousin": the Samsung Galaxy A56. In the United States, the basic 256GB version of the iPhone 17e has an official price of US$599, making it about US$50 more expensive than the equivalent version of the Galaxy A56. Which one should you choose? It all depends strictly on what you value most in your daily life.

If you're looking for absurdly fast and long-lasting performance (thanks to the superior A19 chip), top-notch quality in main and face photos, vital access to the satellite emergency SOS system, and the convenience of wireless charging, the iPhone is clearly the way to go. On the other hand, if you can't do without a much smoother and slightly larger screen, if you love taking group photos with a dedicated ultra-wide-angle camera, if you need a giant battery that never lets you down, and if you prefer faster charging, the Galaxy A56 ends up delivering more value in these specific aspects.

The final decision is in your hands and your wallet, but it's somewhat ironic to know that, whichever operating system you choose, Samsung invariably ends up making a little bit of your money.

mundophone

TECH

Battle of the Titans: does the iPhone 17 Pro beat the Galaxy S26 Ultra in camera performance?

The eternal war between Apple and Samsung has just gained another exciting chapter. If you're a fan of mobile photography and were expecting the brand-new Samsung Galaxy S26 Ultra to completely crush the iPhone 17 Pro (which has been on the market since September 2025), you might have to moderate your expectations a bit. The renowned experts at DxOMark have just released their initial tests for the cameras of the new South Korean "monster," and the results are truly surprising.

Despite Samsung making gigantic and highly anticipated improvements to its hardware, Apple seems to continue holding the crown in terms of consistency and precision. Let's delve into the technical details to understand exactly what's happening.

On paper, when you look at the spec sheet, the Galaxy S26 Ultra even looks quite similar to its predecessor, the S25 Ultra. Samsung decided to play it safe in one part of the setup, keeping the exact same 50MP ultra-wide-angle camera (with the 1/2.52-inch sensor and f/1.9 aperture) and the same 10MP telephoto lens for its usual 3x zoom. But the real revolution, and where the Asian brand spent the bulk of its budget, was in the main and long-range zoom cameras.

The company's star attraction remains the 200MP main sensor, but now with a phenomenal trick up its sleeve: an incredibly bright f/1.4 aperture (replacing the old f/1.7). For you, in everyday use, this translates to something simple but vital: this lens lets in about 47% more light to the sensor. In theory and practice, this means that your night photos, or shots taken in very enclosed and dark environments, will have much more detail and much less of that annoying "grain" (digital noise) that usually ruins night photos.

Another drastic change occurred in the 5x periscope telephoto camera, which now has 50 MP and an aperture of f/2.9. Samsung introduced a more compact internal design called ALoP (Adaptive Lens on Prism). If you like taking photos with an artistically blurred background, you'll notice that the light points in the background (the famous bokeh effect) now appear much rounder, smoother, and more natural, losing that square and artificial look of previous models. The downside of this new lens is that the minimum focusing distance has increased to 52 centimeters. This means you'll have a little more difficulty if you want to take macro photos or focus on objects that are very close to the phone's lens.

Why does the iPhone 17 Pro continue to win? Exhaustive DxOMark tests confirm that these Samsung tweaks make a real difference. The S26 Ultra really captures cleaner night photos and presents much more natural and faithful skin tones than last year's model. Portraits are also more balanced and pleasing. So, why does the iPhone 17 Pro keep winning the tug-of-war? The secret lies in the surgical precision of Apple's software.

The DxOMark team noted that the Galaxy S26 Ultra's autofocus still stutters and occasionally struggles to detect moving faces. In addition, in portrait mode, Samsung still creates some artificial cutouts (so-called artifacts) around the subject, occasionally blending the person's hair with the blurred background. The iPhone 17 Pro continues to deliver slightly cleaner images without incident in the most extreme and challenging low-light conditions. When you take a portrait with the iPhone, the computational separation between the person and a complex background is virtually immaculate and instantaneous.

To conclude the analysis, what is clear to consumers is that Samsung has done a remarkable technical job in evolving its photographic system, delivering an undeniably luxurious piece of equipment for any photography enthusiast. However, Apple's relentless consistency, especially in how its software processes difficult images and focuses on faces without hesitation, continues to give it a small but decisive technical advantage in the coveted DxOMark tests. The final choice will always be yours, depending purely on whether you prefer the brutal zoom versatility offered by Samsung or the consistent "point and shoot" reliability of the iPhone.

by mundophone

DIGITAL LIFE

AI fake-news detectors may look accurate but fail in real use, study finds

A dubious link from a friend. A headline too sensational to be true. A video that seems fake but you can't be sure. As online misinformation grows harder to detect, new artificial-intelligence tools promise to help us separate fact from fiction. But do they actually work?

Not really, according to Dorsaf Sallami. For her doctoral research at Université de Montréal's Department of Computer Science and Operations Research, she examined the limitations of AI systems designed to detect fake news.

Her conclusion: these tools have significant flaws that their technical performance often masks.

She detailed her findings in a paper published last fall in the proceedings of an international conference on AI, ethics and society, co-authored with her supervisor Esma Aïmeur and professor Gilles Brassard.

A mirror, not a fact-checker..."Current AI systems for detecting fake news are built on a fundamental misconception," Sallami said. "When AI flags content as false, it doesn't fact-check as a journalist would. It calculates probabilities based on its training data."

In other words, these systems don't check the facts against reality. They only reflect what they've been shown, like a mirror, complete with all the biases and gaps in their training data.

Sallami finds it paradoxical that tech giants are pouring resources into these tools. Meta is labeling content that passes existing fact-checkers, Google has launched a Gemini-based prototype, and X is using Grok to analyze information on its platform in real time.

"The arsenal is impressive, but what good is a system that boasts 95% accuracy in the lab but fails under real-life conditions, especially if it violates users' privacy, is biased against some media outlets, and can be weaponized to censor political opposition?" Sallami asked.

Effectiveness is typically measured against technical benchmarks under controlled conditions. It's a bit like judging a car by its top speed, without considering safety, affordability or emissions, she said.

Who decides what's true? Sallami points to another critical issue: the lack of consensus over what constitutes misinformation.

"To train a system to distinguish fact from fabrication, you have to feed it thousands of examples labeled true or false," she explained. "For simple tasks, like telling a cat from a dog, the labels aren't controversial. But when it comes to fake news, even experts disagree."

Sallami calls this the "ground truth problem."

"AI systems are trained using labels provided by fact-checking organizations, but their methods often lack transparency," she said. "Some are for-profit businesses, making the process even more opaque. The technological edifice is built on foundations that are shakier than they appear."

The rise of large language models—the technology behind ChatGPT and Gemini—also helps the creators of fake news mimic credible sources more easily than ever before. As a result, systems trained on misinformation strategies just a few months ago may be unable to detect the latest ruses.

Built-in bias...The biases embedded in AI fake-news detection systems are another major flaw, according to Sallami. She found that, when gendered language appears in texts, some models are more likely to consider women to be purveyors of disinformation. Others are prejudiced against non-Western sources or reproduce political and geographic biases. Sallami considers these biases particularly pernicious because they go largely unnoticed.

"While the industry fixates on improving accuracy, few researchers are examining the discrimination these systems can propagate," she said. "Equity shouldn't be an afterthought, secondary to performance; it must be an integral part of performance."

Her thesis proposes concrete methods for measuring and correcting bias, including CoALFake, a framework she developed that helps a detector trained in one area adapt to new domains—such as scientific or commercial disinformation—rather than starting from scratch.

To address all these issues, Sallami argues for a socially responsible evaluation framework.

"Instead of judging systems solely on accuracy, we must also consider equity, transparency, privacy and real-world usefulness for citizens," she said.

She also argues for giving user feedback greater weight, collaborating with journalists, social scientists and legal experts, and rejecting the false dichotomy between accuracy and social responsibility.

Aletheia: A new tool...In another paper based on her doctoral dissertation, Sallami noted that research has been focused on developing AI detection models, many of which are designed for people with technical expertise.

While these models are necessary, they aren't enough, she argues: we also need tools that are accessible to the end users.

Sallami wasn't content to simply point out the problem; she set out to solve it by designing Aletheia, a browser extension that lets users check online content themselves.

With a few clicks, users can verify the credibility of a news item, view fact-checks from trusted organizations and discuss with other users.

According to Sallami, what makes Aletheia different is its philosophy: instead of just labeling content "true" or "false," it explains why, presents evidence from available online sources, and lets users judge for themselves rather than blindly trusting the underlying model.

"The extension has three modules," Sallami explained. "VerifyIt, the core of the system, automatically consults external sources and delivers a verdict accompanied by plain-language explanations. Users can see the reasons why an item may be suspect and the sources on which the system is based."

In tests using claims verified by PolitiFact, an American non-profit operated by the Poynter Insitute, VerifyIt achieved about 85% reliability, outperforming many existing tools.

Aletheia also offers a live feed of recent fact checks and a forum where users can share their analyses and comment on those contributed by others.

"What we have presented here is only the tip of the iceberg," Sallami concluded. "AI must earn public trust, not just ace technical tests. Future efforts should resist the lure of fully automated fact-checking and instead develop systems that work with and for human judgment."

Provided by University of Montreal 

 

SAMSUNG

Samsung’s 2nm Exynos 2700 chip is rushing to production

Leaked production timelines reveal Samsung is fast-tracking its 2nm Exynos 2700 chip to aggressively challenge Qualcomm’s grip on the flagship smartphone market. Analysts project a massive 50% adoption rate for next year's Galaxy S27 lineup, but earlier benchmarks beg the question: can the hardware live up to the hype?

As early as January this year, a Geekbench listing from a prominent tipster implied that Samsung had already begun testing its new Exynos chip. Naturally, that leak was treated with skepticism, but fresh reports now seem to provide the claim with some degree of legitimacy.

According to Yonhap News Agency, the architecture for the Exynos 2700 was already fully designed by late 2025. Testing is currently underway at Samsung MX with production-ready samples expected between May and June, well ahead of the next Galaxy S series launch.

At this point, it is an open secret that Samsung intends to reclaim market share from Qualcomm's Snapdragon processors which power a dominant 75% of the Galaxy S26 lineup.

To achieve these cost savings estimated at over $7.8 billion (11 trillion won), the tech giant is betting on the second-gen Samsung Foundry 2nm process (SF2P) to deliver the sort of yield and efficiency that industry heavyweights like TSMC are known for. The Exynos 2700 is also likely to improve on the heat management technology used in its predecessor. Consequently, Kiwoom Securities analyst Park Yu-ak projects that dependence on Qualcomm chipsets will shrink to 50% in the Samsung Galaxy S27 series.

But those are just financial targets. The only physical evidence of this chip in the wild remains an ERD board on Geekbench showcasing an unusual 10-core prototype with unimpressive OpenCL scores. Granted, it may as well be a spoofed listing, but until a new wave of leaks emerges, showcasing the Exynos 2700 actually pushing competitive clock speeds, the burden of proof rests entirely on Samsung. For now, Qualcomm has no reason to sweat.

According to information revealed by the South Korean news agency Yonhap, the first test units of the processor have already been sent from the chip division to the smartphone sector (Samsung MX).

Thus, the team working on the 2027 flagship phones can now begin testing the full processing power of the Exynos 2700, as well as adapting the body of the devices to improve cooling.

The same sources with access to Samsung's inner workings say that the company's forecast is to complete the development of the Exynos 2700 before June. In other words, something that would give plenty of time for mass production.

The new chipset will be manufactured using Samsung Foundry's own second-generation 2-nanometer lithography technology, known as SF2P.

Thus, the brand expects to provide significant leaps in terms of performance and, especially, energy efficiency.

Sources also guarantee that the Korean company should use HPB technology to enhance the cooling of heat generated by the CPU and RAM.

The real chances of the Galaxy S27 Ultra being presented in 2027 with the Exynos 2700 platform are high, since the current Exynos 2600 has proven quite competent in initial tests against the Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 5 for Galaxy.

Of course, at the moment it is still too early to say with certainty that the Galaxy S27 line will be sold exclusively with Exynos.

This is because Moon Sung-hoon(Executive Samsung, MX Division) himself made it clear that the company will continue working with partners - namely Qualcomm - to "adopt the ideal chip when necessary".

Still, there are analysts who believe in a "mixed launch" with the S27 Ultra having Exynos in some selected markets.

by mundophone

DIGITAL LIFE

Microsoft Alert: fake AI extensions in Chrome and Edge Steal ChatGPT and DeepSeek conversations

On March 5, 2026, Microsoft published a security alert about malicious browser extensions that masquerade as legitimate artificial intelligence tools to steal the chat history of ChatGPT and DeepSeek users.

The AI ​​extensions identified by the Microsoft Defender team reached approximately 900,000 installations and were detected in more than 20,000 enterprise organizations.

Microsoft Defender has been investigating reports of malicious Chromium‑based browser extensions that impersonate legitimate AI assistant tools to harvest LLM chat histories and browsing data. Reporting indicates these extensions have reached approximately 900,000 installs. Microsoft Defender telemetry also confirms activity across more than 20,000 enterprise tenants, where users frequently interact with AI tools using sensitive inputs.

The extensions collected full URLs and AI chat content from platforms such as ChatGPT and DeepSeek, exposing organizations to potential leakage of proprietary code, internal workflows, strategic discussions, and other confidential data.

At scale, this activity turns a seemingly trusted productivity extension into a persistent data collection mechanism embedded in everyday enterprise browser usage, highlighting the growing risk browser extensions pose in corporate environments.

How malicious AI extensions work...The extensions were distributed through the Chrome Web Store with names and descriptions that mimicked legitimate AI assistant tools – including references to ChatGPT, DeepSeek, and Claude. Because Microsoft Edge supports Chrome Web Store extensions, a single listing allowed simultaneous distribution across both browsers without additional infrastructure.

After installation, the extensions collected two types of data in the background:

-Complete URLs visited by the user, including internal company websites

-Content of conversations with AI – prompts sent and responses received on platforms such as ChatGPT and DeepSeek

The data was stored locally in encrypted format and periodically sent to servers controlled by the attackers through the domains deepaichats[.]com and chatsaigpt[.]com, using HTTPS connections to blend in with normal browser traffic.

The detail that makes the attack more dangerous...Microsoft identified a deliberately deceptive consent mechanism: even if the user disabled data collection, subsequent updates to the extension automatically reactivated telemetry without clear notification.

Microsoft also recorded cases where browsers with agentic features installed the extensions automatically, without explicit user approval – a reflection of how convincing the names and descriptions presented were.

Persistence was ensured by the normal behavior of browser extensions: the extension automatically reloaded each time the browser started, without the need for elevated privileges or additional actions.

What may have been exposed...For individual users, the risk includes the exposure of private conversations with AI assistants – which may contain personal, financial, or professional information shared during work sessions.

For companies, the potential impact is more serious: proprietary code, internal workflows, strategic discussions, and confidential data shared with AI tools by employees may have been captured and exfiltrated.

What to do now...Microsoft recommends the following immediate actions(below):

Review the extensions installed in Chrome and Edge and remove any unknown or unused extensions – in Chrome: chrome://extensions / in Edge: edge://extensions

Check if any installed extension uses the IDs fnmihdojmnkclgjpcoonokmkhjpjechg or inhcgfpbfdjbjogdfjbclgolkmhnooop and remove it immediately

Block traffic to the domains chatsaigpt.com, deepaichats.com, chataigpt.pro and chatgptsidebar.pro

Install only verified extensions from known publishers with a proven track record

Enable Microsoft Defender SmartScreen in an enterprise environment

AI extensions: a growing attack vector...This incident underscores an emerging pattern: as users adopt AI tools in their browsers as part of their work routine, AI assistant extensions become an increasingly attractive attack vector. The trust placed in these tools – and the sensitive data routinely shared with them – makes them a high-value target for attackers willing to invest in compelling and well-distributed extensions.

The full Microsoft alert, with technical indicators of compromise and detection queries for security teams, is available on the Microsoft Security Blog.

mundophone

DIGITAL LIFE

Iranians have been isolated and without internet access for a week; national lockdown imposed by the dictatorial regime

Iran remains under a near-total internet blackout, data monitoring site NetBlocks said Saturday. "A whole week has passed since #Iran plunged into digital darkness under a national internet blackout imposed by the regime," NetBlocks said in a social media post.

"The measure remains in effect after 168 hours, leaving the public isolated, without vital updates and alerts, while authorities and state media maintain access," NetBlocks said. According to the publication, internet traffic is at about 1% of normal levels.

US and Israeli airstrikes against Iran continued on Saturday, a week after the launch of their joint campaign to dismantle Tehran's nuclear and ballistic missile capabilities, while also pressing for regime change.

Iran has implemented internet blackouts during periods of social unrest in the past. A near-blackout similar to the one imposed for several weeks in January, amid widespread protests in the country, CNBC recalls.

However, some analysts said that additional factors may be contributing to the internet disruption.

"While the exact cause is still unclear, it's almost certainly a combination of state-ordered repression and external cyber interference," Kathryn Raines, team leader for cyber threat intelligence at the Flashpoint intelligence platform, told CNBC earlier this week.

Iran has not officially commented on the disruption.

Analysts say the lack of internet connectivity in Iran will likely increase confusion, with citizens on the ground unable to communicate with their families, document events, or get real-time updates on the conflict.

Cybersecurity firms have warned that Iran is likely to respond with cyberattacks, carried out directly by the government or by allied groups.

In a statement shared with CNBC, Adam Meyers, head of counterattack operations at CrowdStrike, stated that the company was already "observing activity consistent with threat actors and hacktivist groups aligned with Iran conducting reconnaissance and initiating denial-of-service (DoS) attacks."

Iranian authorities have implemented severe, near-total internet shutdowns to crush protests and conceal violent crackdowns, plunging the country into digital darkness. Beginning in early January 2026, these measures severed connections to the outside world, restricting users to a state-controlled, domestic "Intranet" while disabling foreign sites, mobile data, and international messaging apps.

Key details on the internet situation in Iran(below):

Purpose: The shutdowns are used as a, "Orwellian" tool of repression, to prevent the documentation of violence, halt organization of protests, and isolate citizens.

Scope: The shutdown includes mobile data and international broadband, leaving users with only local services, according to reports from the Guardian and Al Jazeera.

Duration: A major shutdown began on January 8, 2026, lasting nearly three weeks, with subsequent, repeated blackouts following, including during early March 2026, notes The Conversation and Al Jazeera.

Impact: The blackout has caused widespread panic, cut off families from each other, halted economic activity for online businesses, and created a "fog of war" during conflicts, according to CNBC and Iran International.

Workarounds: Users are forced to rely on, expensive, often unreliable VPNs to bypass censorship, or seek access to satellite internet, notes Al Jazeera.

mundophone

TECH

Tiny thermometers offer on-chip temperature monitoring for processors

The semiconductor chips driving modern-day computer processors are covered in billions of individual transistors, each of which can overheat under stress, causing steep drops in performance. To address this, a team led by researchers at Penn State has developed a microscopic thermometer, smaller than an ant's antenna, that can be integrated onto a chip to accurately track temperatures.

Ultra-fast temperature tracking on chips...Using an advanced class of materials that are just a few atoms thick, known as two-dimensional (2D) materials, the team built sensors capable of differentiating subtle temperature changes in just 100 nanoseconds—millions of times faster than the blink of an eye.

The sensors' extremely compact structure allows many of them to be integrated directly onto a single computer chip, offering what the researchers called incredibly efficient temperature monitoring. The team detailed their work in a paper published in Nature Sensors.

According to Saptarshi Das, Ackley Professor of Engineering Science, professor of engineering science and mechanics at Penn State and corresponding author on the paper, accurately monitoring the temperature of transistors—tiny devices that control the flow of electricity in a circuit—is currently one of the most challenging aspects of developing computer chips or high-performance integrated circuits.

"These chips rapidly heat up during usage, but the sensors that monitor their temperatures are not embedded within the chip," Das said. "One of the major questions researchers have had is whether it's possible to integrate temperature sensing directly into the chips, which would offer faster, more accurate readings."

A temperature sensor would have to be incredibly small to achieve this, as traditional sensors are too large and bulky to fit onto a chip directly, explained Das.

Miniaturizing sensors with new 2D materials...To shrink their sensors into thermometers only one square micrometer across, or a tile several thousand times smaller than the width of a human hair, the team used a new class of 2D material—known as bimetallic thiophosphates—that had previously not been used in thermal sensors.

According to Das, this material's distinctive properties, specifically how ions can continue to move effectively even when exposed to electrical currents, enable the sensors to demonstrate strong temperature dependence, even at extremely small sizes. This means that the material's physical properties can adjust dynamically as temperatures rise or fall.

"My research group works extensively with 2D materials, as Penn State is considered a leader in this research area," Das said.

"We found that using this class of material, we could develop thermal sensors that are very fast, low power and really miniaturized so that you can place many of them on a single chip."

A team including Anirban Chowdhury (left) and Dipanjan Sen (right) developed an incredibly tiny thermometer that can be integrated directly onto computer chips. Credit: Jaydyn Isiminger/Penn State

Coupling ions and electrons for sensing...According to Dipanjan Sen, engineering science doctoral candidate and first author on the paper, this 2D material can "couple" together the transport of both ions and electrons—subatomic particles that both play different roles in energy transfer.

Although improving the flow of electrons can lead to more powerful devices, better ion regulation in a system can lead to improved thermal management and monitoring, as these particles are notably sensitive to heat.

This coupling allows the tiny sensors to operate using the same electrical currents that power the overall chip, meaning they can provide extremely sensitive temperature readings, while not having a notable impact on chip performance. Das explained how recognizing this relationship was key to integrating the sensors directly on a chip.

"What is generally unwanted by industry in transistors is actually great for thermal sensing, so we really tried to exploit that in our design," Das said. "Rather than try to remove these ions from this system, we use them to our advantage. Coupling these ions for temperature sensing and electrons for reading that thermal data allows us to have an extremely accurate but compact device."

Manufacturing thousands of sensors per chip...The team used advanced instruments in the Materials Research Institute's Nanofabrication Laboratory to manufacture the sensors and place thousands on a single computer chip. Not only is the sensor more than 100 times smaller than other leading sensor designs, it is also up to 80 times more power efficient than traditional silicon-based systems since it doesn't need extra circuitry or signal converters.

Das said he believes that the team's sensors could be integrated alongside existing technology to improve computer efficiency and stability. Going forward, the team plans to continue development and explore new opportunities to apply 2D materials in sensor design.

According to Das, this research could be used as a framework to develop future sensors capable of measuring chemical, optical or physical information in an incredibly compact format.

"This is a proof of concept that shows this design can work—it can be miniaturized, it is low power and could be the next step in terms of integrating temperature monitoring directly into chips," Das said.

Provided by Pennsylvania State University